Wave particle duality | ||
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Wave particle Duality Historical backgroundThroughout the nineteenth century the work of experimentalists such as Michael Faraday, Augustin Fresnel and Thomas Young showed beyond any doubt that light rays were made of waves.James Clerk Maxwell in the mid 1800's came up with the equations that described the phenomenon of the so called electromagnetic waves. No wave-particle duality appears in these equations. In the late 1800's Henrich Hertz discovered the photo electric effect; and unfortunately Maxwell Equations does not explain the phenomenon. In 1905 Albert Einstein used the quantum of energy introduced in 1900 by Max Planck and provided a theory of light that departed from Maxwell wave in that his interpretation introduced a particle he called a packet of energy and the duality of light was born. Einstein asserted mathematically that light was (also) made of particles, which would later be called photons. Then Compton "proved experimentally" that light is actually made of bullets like projectiles; and the particle was accepted as a constituent of light, ranking it up to this famous "duality". The particle-photon/wave duality of light is now a fact of life in physics. And in reverse, physics assigned this duality to material particles! One can mentally assert that a wave and a particle make one-in-duality even though it cannot be imagined. One can mentally establish mathematical equations that identify in one-duality a frequency to a particle. And on the premises of wave-particle duality even predictions were made that are mind boggling, which were nevertheless verified. But why would one create this incomprehensibe wave-particle duality when Nature doesn't require it? Experimental factsWhen light wave is shed on a photoelectric material, and in specific conditions, a current of electrons is emitted out of the surface of the material.Experimentations show that the emission of electrons is exclusively dependent on the wave's frequency of the light hitting the photoelectric material. The higher the frequency of the wave the higher the energy of the electrons emitted. The lower the frequency of the wave the lower the energy (the speed) of the electrons emitted. Below a given wave frequency no electrons are emitted. This frequency dependency is independent of the intensity of the light wave though! When the frequency of the wave is decreased to the point that no electrons are emitted, increasing the intensity of the wave doesn't change anything. On the other hand the number of electrons emitted is proportional to the intensity of the light wave. Specifically when electrons are emitted, increasing the intensity increases the number of electrons but not their energy. Since electrons' (that-is particles) are emitted, Einstein declared that in turn a "particle" had to knock an electron off and that this "light particle" provides to the electron enough energy as to overcome the surface barrier of the photoelectric material. Because in "reality" the wave's frequency is the cause of emission, Einstein's particle is "mathematically" made of "frequency". Gravimotion's interpretation of experimental factsIn gravimotion the frequency (of the wave) is a cyclic or sinusoidal variation of something that doesn’t exist in physics.In physics light waves travel in vacuum and have to transport their own energy, through the photon particle. In gravimotion light waves are pure motion, which are disturbances of the pure-motion making or replacing (physics’) space-time. In the end Gravimotion (as physics) deals with the motion (physics’ speed) of the emerging electron, yet Gravimotion does it in an integrated way! In the Gravimotion world there is neither a particle photon nor the wave-particle duality! |
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